The New Jim Crow, And The Criminal Justice System - 996 Words

The criminal justice system in America is a system designed to work in three distinct steps. The first being to fairly identify those breaking the law, second, create a process through which to both punish and rehabilitate criminals, and lastly integrate them back into society. The current system typically goes unquestioned, as those in the system seem to be deserving of what ever happens while they are in it, even once they have served their prison sentence. It is only upon deeper inspection that we begin to realize the discrimination and unfair tactics used to introduce certain groups of society into the criminal justice system and proceed to trap them there. This is the issue addressed in Alexander’s The New Jim Crow, and it is through arrests, sentencing and further upon release from jail that this oppressive system is created and maintained. The first step used to establish the â€Å"new Jim Crow† occurs at the arrest stage. It is in this stage that prejudice and discrimination are used to unfairly target members of the minority community, more specifically black, and Hispanic Americans. Many of the discretionary practices used by our law enforcement work to put these groups at a disadvantage, even before being confronted by a police officer. For example, when it comes to routine traffic stops, blacks and Hispanics are more likely then their white counterparts to be pulled over. Furthermore, after the initial stop, those of darker skin color are again far more likely thanShow MoreRelatedIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Mass Incarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. The U.S contributes to about 5% of the worlds overall population, and about 25% of the worlds prison populationRead MoreAfrican Americans in Prison and the Jim Crow Laws Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States Population but make up over 40% of the current jail and prison population. A black man is five times more likely to be convicted of a crime than a white man in the United States. How far have we really come sinse the Jim Crow laws? During the Jim Crow Era African-Americans in some states were treated as second-class citizens in every aspect of life from how they interact with White Americans to not having the right to vote. Many people would say we as a nation are far passed thoseRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Law1014 Words   |  5 Pages policies, and rules that equates to the American criminal justice system. This series of principles of our legal system works as an entrance to a lifelong position of lower status, with no hope of advancement. Mass incarceration follows those who are released from prison through exclusion and legalized discrimination, hidden within America. The New Jim Crow is a modernized version of the original Jim Crow Laws. It is a modern racial caste system designed to keep American black men and minoritiesRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesvideo we were asked to write a reflection on discussed The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness which is a book written by Michelle Alexander a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate and Associate Professor of Law at Ohio State University. Michelle Alexander states that although we made tremendous progress with Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s by unifying as a race and fought to seemingly ended the old Jim Crow era by the passing of laws such as the 1965 voting actRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 PagesJim Crow laws were state and local laws that reinforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s (Urofsky). The laws mandated segregation of schools, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, and restaurants. In legal theory, blacks received â€Å"separate but equal† treatment under the law--in actuality, public facilities were nearly always inferior to those for whites, when they existed at all. In addition, blacksRead MoreThe New Jim Crow1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow The New Jim Crow is a book that gives a look on how discrimination is still and at some post more prevalent today than it was in the 1850s. Author Michelle Alexander dives into the justice system and explains how a lot of practices and beliefs from slavery times are just labeled differently now. The labeling creates legal discrimination, but most people over look it because it is hidden with words such as â€Å"criminals† or â€Å"felon† in order to legally enslave and segregate a certainRead MoreConsequences Of The New Jim Crow866 Words   |  4 PagesLane The New Jim Crow 11/3/17 Please answer each essay in approximately 450 to 500 words. 1. The Old Jim Crow was color-minded. The New Jim Crow claims itself as colorblinded. Show how the New Jim Crow is color-minded and leads to greater unjust consequences. Include in your answer how the New Jim Crow is more dangerous than the Old Jim Crow. In The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, author Michelle Alexander claims that the new racial caste system (New Jim Crow) in theRead MoreAnalysis Of New Jim Crow 1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthe facts that Alexander present in The New Jim Crow clashed with my view of the world in that although I appreciated the facts presented as the reality of what goes on in the world, it showed me that the through the laws enacted and through institutions, the society plays a role in creating and perpetuating the new caste system. This is evident when Alexander (2012) explains that the social racial control not only manifests itself through the justice system but also in the structure of the societyRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question w hether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that â€Å"[w]e have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it† using the criminal justice system and colorblind rhetoric. (Alexander 2). The

The Theory Of The Capital Structure - 8603 Words

The theory of the capital structure is an important reference theory in enterprise’s financing policy. Whether or not an optimal capital structure exists is one of the most important and complex issues in corporate finance. How an organization is financed is of paramount importance to both the managers of firms and providers of funds. This is because a wrong mix of finance is employed the performance and survival of the business enterprise may be seriously affected. Though the literature teens with several studies on the effect of debt financing and its capacity to accelerate growth, the factors that affect capital structure of quoted companies in United Kingdom manufacturing industry as it affect the financial performance are yet to be documented. Theoretical postulation also abound in the literature on the influence of firms’ characteristic such as size, asset structure, age, growth etc. the finding of some empirical work were in agreement with some were at variance to each other. However no empirical evidence has study the impact of capital structure on the quoted selected manufacturing industries in both developed and developing country like United Kingdom. Objective of the study The board objective of the study is to examine the impact of capital structure on firm performance of some selected manufacturing companies in United Kingdom. Other specific objectives are to: Analyse association between capital structure and firm profitability of listed general retailer inShow MoreRelatedTheories of Capital Structure1053 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Capital Structure PART A 1. Apple Corporation has 2.5 million shares outstanding with a market value of $2.00 each (expected return = 16%) and debt with a market value of $1, 000,000 and a return of 10% Required a. What is the return on the capital of Apple Corporation? [Show all workings and formulae) [7.5 marks] 2. Samsung generates pre-tax earnings of $2,000,000 per year. Currently it has issued 1 million shares which sell for $10 each. Samsung has no debt inRead MoreCapital Structure theories2159 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Capital Structure Theories Capital Structure Capital Structure is the proportion of debt, preference and equity capitals in the total financing of the firm’s assets. The main objective of financial management is to maximize the value of the equity shares of the firm. Given this objective, the firm has to choose that financing mix/capital structure that results in maximizing the wealth of the equity shareholders. Such a capital structure is called as the optimum capital structure. At the optimumRead MoreTheory of Capital Structure14250 Words   |  57 PagesTheory of Capital Structure - A Review Stein Frydenberg £ April 29, 2004 ABSTRACT This paper is a review of the central theoretical literature. The most important arguments for what could determine capital structure is the pecking order theory and the static trade off theory. These two theories are reviewed, but neither of them provides a complete description of the situation and why some ï ¬ rms prefer equity and others debt under different circumstances. The paper is ended by a summary where theRead MoreCapital Structure Theory Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Caleb Johnson Capital Structure Theory Working Capital Management Dr. Woodward 10/14/14 Capital Structure Theory Part a. (Capital Structure) Capital structure is very important. Not only does it influence the return a company earns for its shareholders but can also be a determining factor on whether or not a firm survives a recession. A company’s capital structure is a mix of their short-term debt, long-term debt, and equity. A firm’s capital structure is the way the firm finances all of itsRead MoreTheories of Capital Structure Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pages2. Literature Review: Capital structure is termed as an important area in financial decision making. It has relationship with other variables of financial decisions. Capital structure is composed of debt and equity capital that is used by the organizations to run its operations. The debate on capital structure has been started after provision of theory of Irrelevance by Modigliani and Miller. Modigliani and Miller (1958) concluded that financial leverage has no affect the market value of firm.Read MoreA Study On Capital Structure Theory Essay1997 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review Capital structure theory has long been a controversial issue in the finance literature. The two Novel laureates, Franco Modigliani and Metron Miller (here after called M-M) were the first to present a formal model in 1958 on valuation of capital structure in corporate finance theory and is still the cornerstone of modern corporate finance. MM were the first to take a sharp look at the relationship between Capital Structure and the cost of capital. In their seminal papers (1958Read MoreCapital Structure and Agency Theory2813 Words   |  12 Pagesdecisions, the optimization of capital structure has a great influence on the performance of the companies, for a reasonable capital structure can decrease the financing cost, take advantage of the financial leverage and play an important role in corporation governance. Given the importance of capital structure, this essay will firstly discuss the ways that capital structure affects corporation value, then it will introduce the influencing factors of capital structure and how to effectively manageRead MoreModigliani And Miller s Capital Structure Theories2536 Words   |  11 PagesModigliani and Miller s Capital Structure Theories The Modigliani-Miller theorem is the basis for modern thinking on capital structure. The basic theorem that, under certain market process (the classical random walk), in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs and asymmetric information, i.e., in an efficient market, the value of a company is not affected by the way the company is financed. No matter whether the capital of the company is obtained with the issue of shares or debt. No matter what theRead More Critically assess the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure1767 Words   |  8 PagesThere is no universal theory of the debt-equity choice, and no reason to expect one. In this essay I will critically assess the Pecking Order Theory of capital structure with reference and comparison of publicly listed companies. The pecking order theory says that the firm will borrow, rather than issuing equity, when internal cash flow is not sufficient to fund capital expenditures. This theory explains why firms prefer internal rather than e xternal financing which is due to adverse selection, asymmetryRead MoreAnalysis of Trade-Off and Pecking Order Theory on Companys Capital Structure2615 Words   |  11 Pageshas a growing concern whether pecking order or trade-off theory can give better determination on firms’ â€Å"optimal† capital structure in different scenarios. In trade-off theory, it helps to determine the debt proportion and maintain optimal balance in order to maximise company’s market value. However, pecking order theory promotes that companies tend to issue debts when company has internal financial deficit or deviation from target capital leverage. Hence, it shows mixed evidences such as Shyman-Sunder

Marriage Proposal Written By A Successful Business Writer - Free Sampl

Question: You are Alexis, female, age 33, and have been best friends with David, male, age 33, for 13 years. In your sophomore year of college, you took a semester abroad study program and met David, who was also a student at your same college. During the semester abroad, you had a passionate eight week romance, which ended in a nasty breakup. When you returned to the United States, you both ended up in several classes together, and you got back onto speaking terms. You ended up as study partners, and forged a close, non-romantic friendship. The friendship strengthened. Your group of female friends got to know David and his group of male friends. You all became inseparable. You confided in each other about your dates with others and shared dating and relationship advice, openly, and without sensing any tensions caused by your prior romantic relationship. Upon graduation, you both moved to the same city and shared an apartment with two other people your age. When your family and friends questioned whether this would lead either to romance or to uncomfortable encounters around the apartment, you both emphatically stated that you were so far beyond the brief romance and so well into the platonic friendship that the living arrangement was ideal. You both enjoyed a purely platonic friendship with each other, without a hint of romantic emotion or physical intimacy. You lived together for five years, in this purely platonic friendship, until your jobs took you to different parts of the country. You had both become highly paid business writers, well known for your business writing skills and sought after by Fortune 500 clients. After you moved apart, you texted constantly, and visited when you could, usually with several other friends in tow. The relationship remained purely platonic. Dave married, at age 29, against your advice, to a manipulative woman who you knew would hurt him. Daves wife cut him off from you, mistrusting your relationship. This hurt you deeply, and you threw yourself into your job and withdrew from most of your friends. Last week, Dave surprised you with a text saying that his job was bringing him to town and that he had something important to tell you. You arranged to meet for dinner. It seemed as if no time had passed since you had been close friends, together constantly. Dave told you that he had divorced and that he should have listened to your advice. His ex had cleaned his clock and broken his heart. She had divided him from all his friends, including you, and now he faced life without a spouse and without his friends. He had told you that he had something important to tell you, and you assumed that was his announcement of his divorce. But during the dinner discussion, it seemed as if he had something else he wanted to say that he was not able to articulate. He seemed less comfortable talking to you than he had seemed in the old days. You stayed and talked until the restaurant closed. You walked him to the taxi stand, wondering whether you should invite him back to your place, to keep the conversation going, with no intentions of crossing the friendship/romance line. You told yourself you had no romantic feelings for him, so why not ask him to drop by your place so you could keep talking. But you could not think of how to convey that to him. A cab pulled up, and just before he got in the cab, he turned and kissed you. The first kiss since your eight-week romance in your student days, in Prague. The kiss made you wonder whether it was the type that a very long-term friend and long-ago lover could get away with giving to somebody who was now purely a platonic friend, or if there was more than friendship behind it. And as your mind wondered about this, your body gave you the answer to the question, as your heart raced and you became dizzy and had to hold onto Dave tightly to avoid falling off the curb. He pulled away, got into the cab quickly, and disappeared. You knew he was leaving town in the morning, and you stayed up all night wondering what to do. The kiss had brought a rush of feelings and desire that you had no idea would hit you so hard. You froze, not knowing what to do. He experienced the same feelings of confusion, and 10 days passed without either of you contacting the other. You decided to follow your heart. The kiss opened your mind to the feelings in your heart that your mind had suppressed. You needed to be with him for life. You decided to ask him to marry you. You decided to send him a letter, instead of calling and putting him on the spot, or texting, which would seem too impersonal. What did you write to Dave? Exercise: Write the letter. Write a description of your strategy for the letter. Discuss your choice of direct order or indirect order, and why you made the choice. Answer: Insurance company letter 1. The letter has been written using Indirect Approach. Any letter that comprises of some negative and that which anticipates resistance from the recipient is written in Indirect Order (Mirzaii Bozorg Aliabadi, 2013). 2. In a letter written in indirect format often ties it is difficult to well organize the message that is to be delivered leaving no space for miscommunication. Thus, strategizing a business letter with the use of words that may have a positively inclined appeal to the recipient despite the message being negative is important (Frear Chiu, 2015). Replacing the phrase sincerely regret by humbly apologetic would leave a greater positive impact. 3. Dear valued insured, It has come to my notice that you have recently received a letter on behalf of the company that states the denial of coverage for your loss. We are humbly apologetic that we unfortunately could not aid you in these times. The terms and conditions of the insurance contract that provides coverage, we can only cater to those claims. Kindly appreciate this initiative of the company. This is a supplement for the original declination letter that did not contain language that may have been in relevance with your situation. Please do note that this letter includes language that is in line with certain specified appeal processes. If at any occasion you are of the opinion that there is dispute in our findings and that our position is inaccurate, you may follow the directions as have been outlined and the matter will be further reviewed by the company in detail. Marriage Proposal 1. Dear Dave, Your sudden text after so long was really a pleasant surprise. You have been a good friend to me all these years and I have tried to be the same from my end. I cherish our friendship. I believed that the romantic relationship that we had in the sophomore year of college was long gone and forgotten. But, your surprise visit and the following events have made me think over and over again in these past ten days. Finally, my delusional belief has been shattered pieces and I have no regret in admitting that I still have strong romantic feelings and inclination towards you. I believe that this feeling is mutual and was forcefully denied by both of us. I have decided that I want to marry you and spend the rest of my life with you. I will be eagerly waiting for your consent. Yours faithfully, Alexis 2. This letter has been strategically framed in a manner that would gradually grab the recipients attention with the flow of the letter that is direct (Kamei, 2012). The letter ends with the actual message of marriage proposal to keep the recipient in the lag of the message. This letter has been written using the direct order since this approach is generally used while conveying a positive message. Here, organizing the message is also simple (Arnold, 2012). Another reason is that in this approach there are lesser possibilities of resistance from the recipients end. Reference List Arnold, G. (2012).Media writer's handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. Frear, D., Chiu, Y. (2015). The effect of focused and unfocused indirect written corrective feedback on EFL learners accuracy in new pieces of writing.System,53, 24-34. doi:10.1016/j.system.2015.06.006 Kamei, T. (2012). The Letter.New Writing,9(3), 302-307. doi:10.1080/14790726.2012.659260 Mirzaii, M., Bozorg Aliabadi, R. (2013). Direct and indirect written corrective feedback in the context of genre-based instruction on job application letter writing.Journal Of Writing Research,5(2), 191-213. doi:10.17239/jowr-2013.05.02.2